705 CE), and flooding in the later Ottoman era. Various turbulent rules and natural disasters have historically damaged the Ka‘ba, including a fire during the rule of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik (d. These same rites, including the circumambulation of the Ka‘ba, are still performed during the pilgrimage that welcomes around 2 million Muslims each year.Īfter the Prophet’s death, successive caliphates inherited the upkeep of the sanctuary in Mecca. Once the Prophet and his followers conquered Mecca in 630 CE, pagan idols were removed from the Ka‘ba and the rites of the Islamic practice of hajj were established with the Prophet’s first and final pilgrimage to the holy site. The structure was used to house sacred objects such as representations of local deities and the Black Stone (al-Hajar al-Aswad), which would later become an object of veneration for Muslims as the stone that the Prophet Muhammad set in the eastern corner of the Ka‘ba.ĭuring the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad, the site was established as the direction of prayer (qibla) for the Muslim community, which it continues to function as today. Since its erection in pre-Islamic Arabia, the Ka‘ba served as a sacred site of congregation for the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula where they would perform an annual pilgrimage. ![]() Muslim traditions relate that the Ka‘ba was first built by Prophet Ibrahim and his son Ismail. ![]() The Ka‘ba structure predates the advent of Islam.
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